Contrary to popular belief spelling continues to be taught in schools (along with Multiplication Tables!)
My son, who is in Primary School, gets a list of spellings to learn every week along with helpful 'rules' such as "i before e, except after c...".
Fortunately, he's a good speller and has no difficulty in learning new words. Not all kids or adults find it that easy for a wide variety of reasons, which I believe I've covered (at some length!) elsewhere on this Forum.
At the Secondary School where I teach each S1 and S2 pupil is tested in Spelling every week. They are allocated a list of words to learn according to their 'spelling age'. The weaker spellers learn 10 words and the average spellers 20, with the more advanced being tested on 30 words every week. The words they learn are a combination of words that are commonly misspelt and vocabulary taken from across the curriculum, in order to reinforce and aid spelling across all subject areas. Spelling mistakes are also identified and corrected in their essay writing.
Marks, though, are not deducted from exam papers because of poor spelling on its own, unless it is so poor the examiner can't understand the response!